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proteins. Page last changed on 14 Mar 2013.
SMAD family member 2
Smad2
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] (from
NCBI)
Sponsored links
Papers using
Smad2
antibodies
Nuclear factor I-C links platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta1 signaling to skin wound healing progression.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2008
Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitor modulates monocyte-endothelial cell interaction under physiological flow conditions in vitro: involvement of Rho GTPase-dependent mechanism
Supplier
In Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2000
... Anti-phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467) and anti-Smad2 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA) ...
CHMP5 is essential for late endosome function and down-regulation of receptor signaling during mouse embryogenesis
more suppliersSupplier
In The Journal of Cell Biology, 1999
Papers on
Smad2
Butein is a novel anti-adipogenic compound.
New
South Korea. In J Lipid Res, 06 Apr 2013
Small interfering RNA mediated silencing of STAT3 or SMAD2/3 blunted the inhibitory effects of butein on adipogenesis indicating that an interaction between two signaling pathways is required for the action of butein.
Otitis media in the Tgif knockout mouse implicates TGFβ signalling in chronic middle ear inflammatory disease.
New
United Kingdom. In Hum Mol Genet, 03 Apr 2013
Both phosphorylated SMAD2 and p21 levels were lowered in the homozygous mutant, demonstrating a suppression of the TGFβ pathway.
Evaluation of the prognostic value of pSMAD immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer.
New
Utrecht, Netherlands. In Eur J Cancer Prev, 17 Mar 2013
As activation of the BMP and TGF-β pathways leads to phosphorylation of SMAD1,5,8 and SMAD2,3, respectively, and both need SMAD4 for translocation to the nucleus, we aimed to investigate whether nuclear staining of pSMAD1,5,8 and pSMAD2, 3 can be used as predictive markers in CRC.
Screening for Potential Targets for Therapy in Mesenchymal, Clear Cell, and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Reveals Bcl-2 Family Members and TGF-β1 as Potential Targets.
New
Leiden, Netherlands. In Am J Pathol, 14 Mar 2013
TGF-β1 signaling through p-SMAD2 and PAI-1 was highly active in all chondrosarcoma subtypes, which suggests that TGF-β1 inhibitors as a possible therapeutic strategy in rare chondrosarcoma subtypes.
Involvement of TGFβ1 in autocrine regulation of proplateletformation in healthy subjects and patients with primarymyelofibrosis.
New
Italy. In Haematologica, 12 Mar 2013
Importantly, TGFβ1 downstream signaling, through SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, was shown to be active in megakaryocytes extending proplatelets, indicating a type of autocrine stimulation on megakaryocyte development.
The kinase PKCα selectively upregulates interleukin-17A during Th17 cell immune responses.
New
Impact
Innsbruck, Austria. In Immunity, 24 Feb 2013
We have shown that PKCα physically interacts and functionally cooperates with TGFβRI to promote robust SMAD2-3 activation.
From tall to short: the role of TGFβ signaling in growth and its disorders.
Review
New
Paris, France. In Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, Sep 2012
We found an increased level of active TGFβ in the fibroblast medium from patients with FBN1 or ADAMTSL2 mutations and an enhanced phosphorylated SMAD2 level, allowing us to conclude at an enhanced TGFβ signaling in GD and AD.
TGF-β1 → SMAD/p53/USF2 → PAI-1 transcriptional axis in ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis.
Review
Albany, United States. In Cell Tissue Res, 2012
SMAD2/3, pp60(c-src), EGFR, and p53 activation are each increased in the obstructed kidney.
Smad2: a candidate gene for the murine autoimmune diabetes locus Idd21.1.
GeneRIF
Dunedin, New Zealand. In J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011
These results implicate Smad2 as an insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes candidate and Smad2 and the TGF-beta signaling pathway in activated dendritic cells in diabetogenesis.
IL-13 induces connective tissue growth factor in rat hepatic stellate cells via TGF-β-independent Smad signaling.
GeneRIF
Mannheim, Germany. In J Immunol, 2011
Smad1 and Smad2 were identified as the key mediators of IL-13-dependent Connective tissue growth factor expression
HEB and E2A function as SMAD/FOXH1 cofactors.
GeneRIF
Stanford, United States. In Genes Dev, 2011
HEB and E2A-bind the SCA motif at regions overlapping SMAD2/3 and FOXH1
Signalling pathways from NADPH oxidase-4 to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Review
Paris, France. In Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2011
TGF-β or PDGF induce myofibroblast proliferation, differentiation, migration, contractility and extracellular matrix production, through NOX4 and reactive oxygen species dependent SMAD2/3 phosphorylation.
Graded Nodal/Activin signaling titrates conversion of quantitative phospho-Smad2 levels into qualitative embryonic stem cell fate decisions.
GeneRIF
Singapore, Singapore. In Plos Genet, 2011
Stem cells interpret and carry out differential Nodal/Activin signaling instructions via a corresponding gradient of Smad2 phosphorylation.
The kinases MEKK2 and MEKK3 regulate transforming growth factor-β-mediated helper T cell differentiation.
Impact
New Haven, United States. In Immunity, 2011
Map3k2(-/-)Map3k3(Lck-Cre/-) T cells exhibited impaired phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 proteins at their linker regions, which negatively regulated the TGF-β responses in T cells.
Enrichment of human ESC-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties capable to protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
GeneRIF
Granada, Spain. In Stem Cells, 2011
specific inhibition of SMAD-2/3 signaling pathway in hESCs facilitates the conversion of hESCs into multipotent MSCs with fully immunosuppresive and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, opening up new avenues for potential future clinical applications.
[Colorectal oncogenesis].
Review
Paris, France. In Bull Cancer, 2010
These allelic losses are associated with mutations in TP53, APC, SMAD2 and SMAD4 genes.
The transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD signaling pathway involved in human chronic myeloid leukemia.
Review
China. In Tumori, 2010
Upon binding on TGF-beta1, the dimerized TGF-beta type II receptors recruit and phosphorylate the TGF-beta type I receptors, which phosphorylate the receptor-regulated SMAD (SMAD2 and SMAD3) presented by the SMAD anchor for receptor activation.
Conserved and divergent roles of FGF signaling in mouse epiblast stem cells and human embryonic stem cells.
Impact
Münster, Germany. In Cell Stem Cell, 2010
Our data suggest that FGF2 fails to cooperate with SMAD2/3 signaling in actively promoting EpiSC self-renewal through Nanog, in contrast to its role in hESCs.
SIP1 mediates cell-fate decisions between neuroectoderm and mesendoderm in human pluripotent stem cells.
Impact
Cambridge, United Kingdom. In Cell Stem Cell, 2010
Here, we demonstrate that Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) limits the mesendoderm-inducing effects of Activin-Nodal signaling without inhibiting the pluripotency-maintaining effects exerted by SMAD2/3.
TGFbeta and SMADs talk to NANOG in human embryonic stem cells.
More papers using
Smad2
antibodies
Impact
Singapore, Singapore. In Cell Stem Cell, 2008
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Xu et al. (2008) show that this pathway upregulates the expression of a key pluripotency gene NANOG through SMAD2/3.
Alpha 3 beta 1 adhesion to laminin-5 and invasin: critical and differential role of integrin residues clustered at the boundary between alpha 3 N-terminal repeats 2 and 3
Supplier
In The Journal of Cell Biology, 1998
... Secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies and Smad2/3 pAb were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc ...
Krox-20 inhibits Jun-NH2-terminal kinase/c-Jun to control Schwann cell proliferation and death
Supplier
In The Journal of Cell Biology, 1998
... Antibody against c-Jun and SMAD2 were purchased from BD Biosciences.
Activin receptors: cellular signalling by receptor serine kinases
Supplier
In The Journal of Cell Biology, 1995
