GoPubMed Proteins lists recent and important papers and reviews for
proteins. Page last changed on 27 Nov 2013.
Interleukin 21
IL-21, IL-22, Interleukin-21, interleukin-22
This gene encodes a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines with immunoregulatory activity. The encoded protein plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Dysregulation of this gene plays a role in multiple immune-mediated diseases including lupus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] (from
NCBI)
Sponsored links
Papers using
IL-21
antibodies
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit natural killer cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and cytokine production: role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and prostaglandin E2.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2006
... IL-21eBioscience (San Diego USA) ...
IL-22 is increased in active Crohn's disease and promotes proinflammatory gene expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2005
... Generation of IL-22 transgenic mouse ...
The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2000
... IL-7, IL-4, IL-9; 50 ug/mL IL-12, 0.25 mg/mL IL-18 (all from R&D Systems); 100 ug/mL IL-21 (Miltenyi Biotec), 5 ug/mL IL-15 (PeproTech), 100 ...
Modulation of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli by acetyl phosphate and the osmoregulator OmpR.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 1994
Papers on
IL-21
Distinct cytokines balance the development of regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells.
New
Praha, Czech Republic. In Immunology, 21 Dec 2013
We show that the production of IL-10 by LPS-stimulated B cells is significantly enhanced by IL-12 and IFN-γ and negatively regulated by IL-21 and TGF-β.
44-plex cytokine profile of cholesteatoma.
New
In Acta Otolaryngol, 21 Dec 2013
The novel discovery of high levels of interleukin 21 (IL21) in cholesteatoma could explain the expansive growth and could serve as future drug target, as for example also suggested for psoriasis.
The imbalanced profile and clinical significance of T helper associated cytokines in bone marrow microenvironment of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
New
Jinan, China. In Hum Immunol, 20 Dec 2013
METHODS: The levels of cytokines in bone marrow plasma including Th1-associated cytokine (IFN-γ), Th2-associated cytokine (IL-4), Th17-associated cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-21), regulatory T cell (Treg)-associated cytokines (IL-35 and IL-10) and Th22-associated cytokine (IL-22) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in AML patients and controls.
Mast Cell Chymase Degrades the Alarmins Heat Shock Protein 70, Biglycan, HMGB1, and IL-33 and Limits Danger-Induced Inflammation.
New
Uppsala, Sweden. In J Biol Chem, 20 Dec 2013
IL-7, IL-22, GM-CSF and CCL2 were resistant to chymase degradation.
Cell-intrinsic IL-27 and gp130 cytokine receptor signaling regulates virus-specific CD4⁺ T cell responses and viral control during chronic infection.
New
Impact
San Diego, United States. In Immunity, 19 Oct 2013
We identified IL-27 as a gp130 cytokine that promoted antiviral CD4⁺ T cell accumulation in vivo and that rapidly induced IL-21 ex vivo.
Notch2-dependent classical dendritic cells orchestrate intestinal immunity to attaching-and-effacing bacterial pathogens.
New
Impact
Saint Louis, United States. In Nat Immunol, Sep 2013
Defense against attaching-and-effacing bacteria requires the sequential generation of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and IL-22 to induce protective mucosal responses.
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells inhibit T-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and regulation of microflora.
New
Impact
Chicago, United States. In Immunity, Sep 2013
Reduced innate interleukin-22 (IL-22) in Ahr-deficient mice allowed expansion of commensal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), known to promote Th17 cells.
Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22.
New
Impact
Perugia, Italy. In Immunity, Sep 2013
The resulting IL-22-dependent balanced mucosal response allows for survival of mixed microbial communities yet provides colonization resistance to the fungus Candida albicans and mucosal protection from inflammation.
RORγt⁺ innate lymphoid cells acquire a proinflammatory program upon engagement of the activating receptor NKp44.
New
Impact
Berlin, Germany. In Immunity, Jul 2013
RORγt⁺ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial players of innate immune responses and represent a major source of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which has an important role in mucosal homeostasis.
Repairing thymic function.
Review
New
Lisbon, Portugal. In Curr Opin Organ Transplant, Jun 2013
RESULTS: Recent studies have assigned a role for IL-22 in the regeneration of thymic epithelium, and for microRNAs in the modulation of its survival and function.
Telbivudine treatment is associated with high hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion and immune modulatory effects in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Review
New
Beijing, China. In J Viral Hepat, Apr 2013
Clinical studies, animal models and in vitro studies suggest that both the innate and adaptive immune system responses contribute to high HBeAg seroconversion during telbivudine treatment through modulation of the function and/or expression of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, Th1/Th2, Treg, PD-1/PD-L1, Th17, IL-21 and TFH.
Cytokines and T cells in atopic dermatitis.
Review
New
Chieti, Italy. In Eur Cytokine Netw, Mar 2013
Several effector T cell subsets, such as pro-inflammatory cells like Th9, Th17 and Th22 cells, expressing high levels of IL-9, IL-17 and IL-22, together with the anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulating Treg cells constitutively producing IL-10, seem to play a role in this condition.
IL-22, not simply a Th17 cytokine.
Review
New
San Francisco, United States. In Immunol Rev, Mar 2013
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has important functions in host defense at mucosal surfaces as well as in tissue repair.
Th17 cell development: from the cradle to the grave.
Review
New
Palo Alto, United States. In Immunol Rev, Mar 2013
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is one of the key cytokines that shapes the development and function of Th17 cells with characteristic expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-t (RORγt), IL-17, IL-22, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
Impact of antidepressants on cytokine production of depressed patients in vitro.
New
Leipzig, Germany. In Toxins (basel), Dec 2012
There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22.
IL-22 is required for imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice.
GeneRIF
Brussels, Belgium. In J Immunol, 2012
IL-22 is required for psoriasis-like lesions in the mouse imiquimod model and is produced by both T cells and innate immune cells.
Dectin-1-dependent interleukin-22 contributes to early innate lung defense against Aspergillus fumigatus.
GeneRIF
Birmingham, United States. In Infect Immun, 2012
Collectively, these results indicate that early innate lung defense against Aspergillus fumigatus is mediated by Dectin-1-dependent IL-22 production.
Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner.
Impact
GeneRIF
New York City, United States. In Nat Immunol, 2012
Here we found that cognate iNKT cell help resulted in a B cell differentiation program that was uniquely dependent on iNKT cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21).
An interleukin-21-interleukin-10-STAT3 pathway is critical for functional maturation of memory CD8+ T cells.
Impact
GeneRIF
New Haven, United States. In Immunity, 2011
memory CD8(+) T cell precursor maturation is an active process dependent on IL-10-IL-21-STAT3 signaling.
Increased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and interleukin 22 in patients with allergic asthma.
GeneRIF
Wuhan, China. In Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2011
The expression of AhR mRNA in PBMCs and IL-22 protein in plasma of patients with allergic asthma were higher than those in controlled asthma cases.
