GoPubMed Proteins lists recent and important papers and reviews for
proteins. Page last changed on 14 Mar 2013.
Interleukin 21
IL-21, IL-22, Interleukin-21, interleukin-22
This gene encodes a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines with immunoregulatory activity. The encoded protein plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Dysregulation of this gene plays a role in multiple immune-mediated diseases including lupus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] (from
NCBI)
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Papers using
IL-21
antibodies
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit natural killer cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and cytokine production: role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and prostaglandin E2.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2006
... IL-21eBioscience (San Diego USA) ...
IL-22 is increased in active Crohn's disease and promotes proinflammatory gene expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2005
... Generation of IL-22 transgenic mouse ...
The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 2000
... IL-7, IL-4, IL-9; 50 ug/mL IL-12, 0.25 mg/mL IL-18 (all from R&D Systems); 100 ug/mL IL-21 (Miltenyi Biotec), 5 ug/mL IL-15 (PeproTech), 100 ...
Modulation of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli by acetyl phosphate and the osmoregulator OmpR.
Supplier
In PLoS ONE, 1994
Papers on
IL-21
Inadequate T follicular cell help impairs B cell immunity during HIV infection.
New
Impact
Port Saint Lucie, United States. In Nat Med, 10 Apr 2013
In fact, we show that engagement of PD-1 on TFH cells leads to a reduction in cell proliferation, activation, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) expression and interleukin-21 (IL-21) cytokine secretion.
<i>In vivo</i> consequence of vitamin C insufficiency in liver injury: vitamin C ameliorates T cell-mediated acute liver injury in <i>Gulo(-/-)</i> mice.
New
Seoul, South Korea. In Antioxid Redox Signal, 09 Apr 2013
Although the vitamin C-insufficient <i>Gulo(-/-)</i> mice had higher amounts of interleukin-22 (IL-22), a hepato-protective cytokine, a defect in IL-22Rα expression and its down-stream STAT3 activation in hepatocytes were found.
Interleukin-22 produced by alveolar macrophages during activation of the innate immune response.
New
Göteborg, Sweden. In Inflamm Res, 09 Apr 2013
Whereas previous studies focus on lymphocytes as sources of IL-22, we determined whether IL-22 is produced by inflammatory cells in the lungs other than T-lymphocytes during the activation of the innate immune response.
Detection of TCD4+ subsets in human carotid atheroma.
New
Campinas, Brazil. In Cytokine, 06 Apr 2013
Furthermore, IL-22 producing TCD4+ cells (TH22) have been identified in the atheromatous environment, but their presence and function has not been investigated.
Efficient production of recombinant IL-21 proteins for pre-clinical studies by a two-step dilution refolding method.
New
Australia. In Int Immunopharmacol, 06 Apr 2013
Produced by CD4+ helper T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, interleukin-21 (IL-21) performs broad regulatory functions on B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells.
The transcription factor T-bet is essential for the development of NKp46+ innate lymphocytes via the Notch pathway.
New
Impact
Melbourne, Australia. In Nat Immunol, 03 Apr 2013
Deficiency in interleukin 22 (IL-22)-producing NKp46+ ILCs resulted in greater susceptibility of Tbx21-/- mice to intestinal infection.
The Cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF Have Opposing Regulatory Roles in the Apoptosis of Conventional Dendritic Cells.
New
Impact
Bethesda, United States. In Immunity, 26 Mar 2013
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has broad actions on T and B cells, but its actions in innate immunity are poorly understood.
Intraepithelial Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Unique Subset of IL-12- and IL-15-Responsive IFN-γ-Producing Cells.
New
Impact
Saint Louis, United States. In Immunity, 26 Mar 2013
We previously identified human ILC3 distinguished by interleukin-22 (IL-22) secretion.
A T-bet gradient controls the fate and function of CCR6-RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells.
New
Impact
Freiburg, Germany. In Nature, 14 Mar 2013
Mice genetically lacking T-bet showed normal development of CCR6(-)RORγt(+) ILCs, but they could not differentiate into NKp46-expressing RORγt(+) ILCs (that is, IL-22-producing natural killer (NK-22) cells) and failed to produce IFN-γ.
Interleukin-22 inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
New
Shanghai, China. In Mediators Inflamm, Dec 2012
Although dysregulation of interleukin- (IL-) 22 is involved in various pulmonary pathophysiological processes, the role of IL-22 in fibrotic lung diseases is still unclear and needs to be further addressed.
Immunity to infection in IL-17-deficient mice and humans.
Review
New
New York City, United States. In Eur J Immunol, Sep 2012
In humans, the study of patients with various primary immunodeficiencies, including autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome caused by dominant-negative STAT3 mutations and autosomal recessive autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 caused by null mutations in AIRE, has suggested that IL-17A, IL-17F and/or IL-22 are essential for mucocutaneous immunity to Candida albicans.
IL-17-producing γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells.
Review
New
Dublin, Ireland. In Eur J Immunol, Sep 2012
γδ T cells also play a pathological role in certain autoimmune diseases, where they provide an early source of IL-17 and IL-21, which initiate responses mediated by conventional IL-17-secreting CD4(+) T cells (Th17 cells).
A role for Th17 cells in the regulation of tertiary lymphoid follicles.
Review
New
San Francisco, United States. In Eur J Immunol, Sep 2012
Here, we compare and contrast LTi and Th17 cells, and review recent evidence that Th17 cells and Th17 cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-22, contribute to the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in chronic-ally inflamed tissue.
IL-22 is required for imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice.
GeneRIF
Brussels, Belgium. In J Immunol, 2012
IL-22 is required for psoriasis-like lesions in the mouse imiquimod model and is produced by both T cells and innate immune cells.
Dectin-1-dependent interleukin-22 contributes to early innate lung defense against Aspergillus fumigatus.
GeneRIF
Birmingham, United States. In Infect Immun, 2012
Collectively, these results indicate that early innate lung defense against Aspergillus fumigatus is mediated by Dectin-1-dependent IL-22 production.
Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner.
Impact
GeneRIF
New York City, United States. In Nat Immunol, 2012
Here we found that cognate iNKT cell help resulted in a B cell differentiation program that was uniquely dependent on iNKT cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21).
Invariant NKT cells: regulation and function during viral infection.
Review
Winnipeg, Canada. In Plos Pathog, 2011
In vitro studies of influenza infection have revealed novel effector functions of iNKT cells including IL-22 production and modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but ex vivo characterization of human iNKT cells during influenza infection are lacking.
Immunoregulation by naturally occurring and disease-associated autoantibodies : binding to cytokines and their role in regulation of T-cell responses.
Review
Copenhagen, Denmark. In Adv Exp Med Biol, 2011
Both naturally occurring and disease-associated autoantibodies against a variety of cytokines have been reported, including NAbs against interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and IL-21.
An interleukin-21-interleukin-10-STAT3 pathway is critical for functional maturation of memory CD8+ T cells.
Impact
GeneRIF
New Haven, United States. In Immunity, 2011
memory CD8(+) T cell precursor maturation is an active process dependent on IL-10-IL-21-STAT3 signaling.
Increased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and interleukin 22 in patients with allergic asthma.
GeneRIF
Wuhan, China. In Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2011
The expression of AhR mRNA in PBMCs and IL-22 protein in plasma of patients with allergic asthma were higher than those in controlled asthma cases.
